Parallelism — SAT Reading & Writing Explained
Parallel structure requires that items joined by coordinating conjunctions or listed in a series use the same grammatical form — all nouns, all gerunds, all infinitives, or all independent clauses.
The Core Idea
When ideas are grammatically equivalent in function, they should be grammatically equivalent in form. Breaking parallel structure creates a jarring inconsistency that undermines both clarity and style.
Examples Of Parallelism
The plan was efficient, affordable, and scalable. [all adjectives]
The plan was efficient, cost-effective, and showed great scalability. [mixed]
Parallelism In Comparisons
Both sides of 'than' or 'as...as' must be grammatically parallel
Running is better than to walk. → Running is better than walking.
Common Errors to Avoid
Mixing infinitives and gerunds in the same list
Switching from active to passive voice within a parallel structure
Missing that two things being compared must be grammatically equivalent
How This Connects to Other Topics
Related to Sentence Combination and Sentence Structure in Expression of Ideas
Practice: Parallelism
5 SAT-style questions. Select your answer and get an instant explanation.
She likes hiking, swimming, and to run.
Which choice maintains parallel structure?
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